如何保证养猪生产的安全？
2019-03-07德国农场咨询 猪场设计与建设交
养猪生产生物安全
Content 目录
1 Pest Control 害虫控制 3
1.1 General thoughts 总的想法 3
1.2 Rodent control 啮齿类动物控制 3
1.3 Biological key data of rats and mice 大老鼠和小老鼠的生物学关键数据 4
1.4 Reasons for rodent control 控制啮齿类动物的原因 5
1.5 Steps of rodent control 控制啮齿类动物的步骤 6
1.5.1 Sanitation 环境卫生 6
1.5.2 Rodent proof construction 防鼠建筑 6
1.5.3 Population reduction 减少数量 7
1.5.4 Use of rodenticides 使用灭鼠剂 7
1.5.5 Cats and dogs 控制猫和老鼠 9
2 Transport 运输 9
2.1 Something general 总的想法 9
2.2 Feed delivery 饲料配送 10
2.3 Pig trucks 拉猪车运输 10
3 People’s behavior 人员行为 11
3.1 Biosafety concerning customers 客户方面的生物安全 11
3.2 Shoe disinfection 鞋消毒 12
3.3 Suggestion for farm workers 对工人的建议 12
3.3.1 Cleaning and disinfection of boots 清洗和消毒靴子 13
3.3.2 Washing and disinfection of hands 1 清洁和消毒手1 13
3.3.3 Washing and disinfection of hands 2 清洁和消毒手2 13
3.3.4 Pathways 走道 13
3.3.5 Human food delivery 人员食物配送 13
3.3.6 Visitors/ foreign workers 外来人员访问 14
4 Cleaning and disinfection 清洗清洁和消毒 14
4.1 Six steps of cleaning and disinfecting a stable 车间清洗清洁和消毒六步法 14
4.1.1 Step 1: Remove feces and food remains 第一步：人工清除车间内剩余饲料、粪便 14
4.1.2 Step 2: Pre-washing 第二步：用水进行预清洗 15
4.1.3 Step 3: Soaking 第三步：浸泡 15
4.1.4 Step 4: Washing 第四步：清洗 15
4.1.5 Step 5: Drying 第五步：干燥 16
4.1.6 Step 6: Disinfection 第六步：消毒 16
4.2 Pathways for pigs 赶猪道 17
4.3 Truck wash 运猪车清洗清洁和消毒 17
5 Food safety 饲料安全 18
5.1 Something general 总的想法 18
5.2 Silo areal 料塔区域 19
5.3 Feeding hygiene inside the stable 车间内部饲喂卫生 19
5.4 Hygiene of the water system 饮水系统卫生 19
1 Pest Control 害虫控制
1.1 General thoughts 总的想法
Always underestimated part of biosecurity
害虫控制是生物安全的一部分
Adequate control of rodents, birds, insects, and weeds is necessary to prevent entry ofdiseases to the farm.
为防止疾病进入猪场，必须对啮齿类动物、鸟类、昆虫和杂草进行控制
Make a plan to control pests present on the farm.
根据猪场目前情况，制定一个控制害虫的计划
Keep track of existing pests and products used for control.
记录现存的害虫、用于控制害虫的产品
Use traps to control rodents.
用捕鼠夹控制啮齿类动物
Have a sketch of the location of the traps and bait-stations.
有陷阱或放置诱饵位置的草图
Place meshes to prevent the entry of birds into production areas.
放置网格以防止鸟类进入生产区
Traps should be placed at strategic locations that are not hazardous to children, staff,and animals.
陷阱应放置在对儿童、人员和动物无害的位置
Specific insecticides must be used for the control of flies for this purpose.
必须使用特定的杀虫剂来控制蝇类
Keep the farm free of garbage, waste and dirt.
保持猪场干净，没有垃圾、废弃物和污物
1.2 Rodent Control 啮齿类动物控制
Rats and house mice occur worldwide as pests around people. They exist in our cellars, inthe sewers, on dumpsters, in parks, in warehouses and first of all on farms. Rats can causenot only significant damage to supplies and to materials, but they also carry and spreaddeadly diseases for people and farm animals. The fight against the rodents is oftenunderestimated. They are besides other vectors responsible for serious outbreaks in the pastlike FMD (= Food and Mouth Disease) and CSF (= Classical Swine Fever) in Europe. Therodents must also be seen as a big thread for spreading ASF in Europe and especially in Chinaat the moment.
老鼠和家鼠以害虫的形式出现在世界各地。它们存在于我们的地窖、下水道、垃圾箱、公园、仓库，首先存在于猪场。老鼠不仅会对物资和材料造成严重的损害，而且还会携带和传播致命的疾病给人类和猪场动物。与啮齿类动物的斗争常常被低估。除此之外，如在过去欧洲爆发严重的口蹄疫和猪瘟期间，它们也是重要的传播媒介。啮齿类动物必须被视为在欧洲特别是当下中国非洲猪瘟病毒传播的重要途径。
Recognition of live or dead rodents.
识别活的或死的啮齿类动物
Droppings like odor or insulating material.
绝缘材料是否被破坏
Runways, inside and outside.
是否在走道内或外活动.
Tunnels, holes signs of movement.
地道、鼠洞活动迹象
Check with ultraviolet light and have a look for faeces and urine.
用紫外线检查，看看有没有粪便和尿液
Commensal rodents, Rattus norvegicus (brown rat), Rattus flavipectus (black rat) and Musmusculus (house mouse), are the most important pests both in urban and rural regions.
啮齿类动物棕鼠、黑鼠和家鼠是城乡地区最重要的害虫
1.3 Biological key data of rats and mice 大老鼠和小老鼠的生物学关键数据
1.4 Reasons for a rodent control 控制啮齿类动物的原因
1. Rodents are carrier and important vectors for serious pig diseases.
啮齿类动物是严重猪病的携带者和重要传播媒介
Around 100 diseases can be transmitted from rodents to humans and animals. Foranimals and humans should be mentioned among other things:
大约100 种疾病可以从啮齿动物传染给人类和动物。对于人类和动物而言，除其它事项外，还应涉及：
Also, parasites are introduced via rats and mice, such as ticks, fleas and tapeworms.
此外，寄生虫可通过大老鼠和小老鼠传入，如蜱虫、跳蚤和绦虫类。
2. Spread or accelerate the spread of diseases.
传播或加速疾病的传播
3. Attract other predators, rodents are also a food source.
吸引其它（食肉类或食草类）动物前来
1.5 Steps of rodent control 控制啮齿类动物的步骤
1.5.1 Sanitation 环境卫生
Plant free area around the buildings.
建筑周围无植物
Clean and carry out any garbage, waste and dirt!!!
清洁和清除所有垃圾，废物和污物
Grass must be shortened regularly.
草坪必须定期剪短
Search for holes in the grass and put baits in.
找到老鼠洞口，直接把毒药放进去
1.5.2 Rodent proof construction 防鼠建筑
Buildings need to be rodent proofed.
建筑能防御老鼠
Close holes, cracks and improve the surrounded area of the buildings.
封闭孔洞、裂缝，改善建筑物周围环境
Keep any doors, windows and entries for humans closed.
人员进出关好所有的门、窗和入口
Lay a band of gravel around the buildings (at least 50 cm).
在墙四周放置至少50cm 宽的鹅卵石
1.5.3 Population reduction 减少数量
Trapping 鼠夹
Set traps right against the wall, corners, dark places, where mice like to hide.
在墙壁角落、黑暗的地方设置陷阱，老鼠喜欢躲在那里
Figure 2 Source: PIH-107, 2010
1.5.4 Use of rodenticides 使用灭鼠剂
Continuously use of toxic baits safest rat and mice reduction.
持续使用毒饵 较安全的灭鼠方法
The population is kept on a low level.
有效降低数量
Using bait stations in and outside the buildings.
在建筑物内外使用毒饵
Check the bait stations on a monthly basis.
每月检查一次毒饵的情况
Change the brand or kind of baits.
更换不同种类的毒饵
keep it attractive for rodents.
保持毒饵新鲜美味
Active ingredients: Anticoagulants are inhibiting blood clotting.
活性成分：抗凝剂抑制血液凝结
Anticoagulants first generation: Warfarin, Coumatetralyl, Chlorophacinone, etc. have to betaken by rodents several times to be effective.
第一代抗凝血药：华法林、杀鼠醚、氯鼠酮等必须连续多次投放才能对啮齿类动物有效。
Advantages 优点 ：
The rodents will die after a few days, so their death is not associated with the bait by their fellow rodents.
几天后啮齿类动物就会死亡，因此它们的死亡与其他啮齿动物的毒饵无关。
Disadvantages 缺点：
The rodents can develop resistances against the bait ingredients.
啮齿类动物可以对诱饵成分产生抵抗力。
Anticoagulants Second Generation: Bromadiolone and Difenacoum, later Brodifacoum,
Flocoumafen and Difethialone kill effectively after the first intake by rodents.
第二代抗凝血药：溴敌隆和鼠得克，大隆、氟鼠酮和噻鼠酮在第一次摄放后可有效杀死啮齿类动物。
If the rodents have developed a genetic resistance against anticoagulants of the firstgeneration, the usage of anticoagulants of the second generation is necessary.
如果啮齿类动物对第一代抗凝血药产生了遗传抗性，则有必要使用第二代抗凝血药。
Baits with anticoagulant ingredients need to be placed in closed bait stations. So, nottarget animals are not negatively influenced or even killed by the rodenticides.
含抗凝剂成分的毒饵需要放置在封闭的诱饵盒内。因此，非目标动物不会受到灭鼠剂的负面影响，甚至被灭鼠剂毒死。
1.5.5 Cats and dogs 控制猫和老鼠
Cats and dogs are a high risk inside animal farms and therefore not allowed. Furthermore,the rodents adapt their behaviour to the existence of predators in their habitat. So aneffective reduction is not achievable.
猫和狗在是猪场内部动物饲养的高风险的动物，因此是不允许存在的。此外，一旦猪场附近有猫和狗，啮齿类动物会躲起来适应其栖息地中捕食者的存在，所以靠猫和狗的存在减少老鼠的数量是不可能实现的。
2 Transports 运输
2.1 Something general 总的想法
All kinds of transports to a farm are a high risk of introduce diseases into the farm.
Therefore, the frequency of transports must be reduced to a minimum.
进入猪场的各种运输工具都有很高的风险将疾病带入猪场。因此，运输频率必须降至最低。
The target should be to reduce the frequency of transports no matter, whether they
are private vehicles, feed trucks, equipment deliveries or semen deliveries not morethan twice a week.
目标应是减少运输频率，无论是私人车辆、料车、设备或精液配送，每周不超过两次。
Cleaning and disinfection of trucks is a necessary step before they come even nearto the farm. A quarantine time should be calculated as well.
在卡车接近猪场之前，清洗和消毒是非常必要的一步。还应计算出隔离时间。
In general trucks and vehicles need to be cleaned carefully and checked first.Subsequently they have to be disinfected. After that procedure the trucks/ vehicles are standing still for at least 2 hours and then drive to the farm.
一般来说，卡车和车辆首先检查是否清洗干净。然后必须对它们进行消毒。完成该步骤后，卡车/车辆需停在原地至少2 小时，随后驶向猪场。
Any equipment or semen deliveries are loaded over to a delivery point and neverenter the farm directly. A special storage with ultraviolet light for disinfection andquarantine time overnight needs to be installed.
任何设备或精液配送都要放在中转点，从来不允许直接进入猪场。需要安装一个带有紫外线灯的特殊仓库，用于物品隔离、消毒和夜间消毒。
Foreign pig trucks will never come near to the farm, because it is unknown wherethey have been before. So, pigs are loaded on to company owned trucks and brought to special and marked loading area to be loaded to foreign trucks.
外来的拉猪车永远不允许停放在猪场附近区域，因为他们以前去过哪里不知道。因此，使用自己公司的转运车，把带有标记的猪只转运到中转点，装到外来的拉猪车上。
2.2 Feed delivery 饲料配送
Start on Monday
星期一出发
First deliver feed to the high value farms (like breeding farm and boar station).
先送高基因价值的场站（如原种场和公猪站）
Then the others (growing out, fattening).
然后种猪培育场和其他场区
If possible feed delivery only once a week.
如果可能每周只送一次
Washing and disinfection (Neopredisan 4% highly recommended) of the feed truckson Saturday.
清洗和消毒（推荐使用4%帝赞）料车
Trucks need to be clean, otherwise disinfection is ineffective.
料车需确保干净，否则没有消毒效果
Sunday: feed trucks are not moved.
周日：料车停在消毒点不允许移动
So, you need a feed storage at all farms at least for 10 days.
所以，各场站至少需要储存10 天的饲料
2.3 Pig trucks 拉猪车运输
Don’t move the truck at least for 24 hours (after a successful washing and
disinfection), before going to a farm after driving to customers.
在进入各场站前至少保持24 小时不移动（成功清洗和消毒后，然后在运猪进入至客户场
Wash the truck directly after usage, first from the inside and then from the outside.
使用后直接清洗拉猪车，先从内洗，再从外洗
Use high pressure machines (>100 bar) and hot water.
使用热水高压冲洗设备（＞100 巴）进行清洗
Use alkaline soaking liquid for washing.
使用碱性清洁剂清洗
After washing Disinfection from the inside and then from the outside and every time.
清洗后每一次都是先内部在外部进行消毒
Drivers are not allowed to enter the stables; they have to stay on the truck!!!
司机不准进入圈舍，他们呆在卡车上！！！
For loading pigs, use farm owned equipment and leave it there.
给客户卸猪时，使用客户场的设备且使用后留在客户处
Wash your hands after, also use hand disinfection.
卸完后，用 免手洗消毒凝胶消毒双手
2 pairs of shoes/ boots
准备两双鞋（靴）
One for outside the truck and one for entering the loading space.
一双鞋下车后穿，另外一双胶靴进入装猪台区域穿
Wash and disinfect them every time.
每次用完后都清洗、消毒
Drivers are not allowed to carry any food with them (high risk material).
司机不得携带任何食物（高风险食物）上车
3 People’s behaviour 人员行为
3.1 Biosafety concerning customers 客户方面的生物安全
Vehicles, which don’t belong to the company shall not be near the farms.
外来车辆不得停放在公司
Reception of customers at the office in town, then go to the growing out-farm bycompany owned vehicles.
在城镇办公室接待客户，然后乘坐公司指定车辆到场区选猪
At the office customers get disposable overalls and shoe covers (2 pairs) washinghands with soap (liquid soap) and hand disinfection.
在城镇办公室用洗手液洗手，然后用免手洗消毒凝胶消毒，让客户穿一次性鞋套乘坐指定车辆到场区后，再次用洗手液洗手和消毒，穿上另外一双一次性鞋套和一次性隔离服在进入展厅选猪
No meals inside the farms for customers.
不让客户在场内就餐
No potential germs near to the farms.
没有潜在的细菌在猪场附近
3.2 Shoe disinfection 鞋消毒
NaOH is very aggressive, to shoes and feet (shoes with holes).
NaOH 对鞋和脚有腐蚀性（鞋会出现洞）
Better would be Neopredisan – 4%, remember the residence time 2 minutes, at least5cm deep in one container and change the dirty liquid every day.
最好使用4%帝赞消毒剂，消毒盆内消毒液深度为5 厘米，每次消毒脚需在消毒盆内停留2 分钟，每天更换消毒盆一次
Shoes or boots must be absolutely clean, otherwise no disinfection.
鞋或胶靴必须干净，否则没有消毒效果
Replace the disinfectant inside the bowls continuously.
坚持在每天相同时间更换消毒液
3.3 Suggestions for farm workers 对工人的建议
Reduce person’s traffic to minimum.
减少人员流动，使人员流动降至最低
No private vehicles inside the farm (motorcycles for example).
场内不存放私家车（例如摩托车）
Find a save spot outside the farm for them.
在猪场外面找到一个安全的存放点
Workers, who have been outside, need to follow special rules:
工人外出：需要遵循特殊的规则
Shower directly after entering the black area of the farm.
进入厂区后直接在脏区洗澡
Shower again, when you enter the white area and start your work.
进入净区工作时，再次洗澡
Wash your hair!!!
洗头！！！
Using Shampoo and shower gel.
使用洗发水和沐浴露
Defecate and urinate only on toilet, not anywhere else.
不再除了厕所以外的任何地方大小便
Wash hands after with liquid soap, no soap bars, otherwise we spread potentialgerms from one to another.
用洗手液洗手，不要用香皂，会增加交叉感染的机率
Workers, who went out, need stay in the black area for 24 hours.
外出的工人，返回时需在脏区隔离24 小时
In the canteen: 职工餐厅：
Washing hands before having a meal.
饭前洗手
Washing hands, and use hand disinfection afterwards.
饭后洗手，用免手洗消毒凝胶消毒双手
Food comes from the outside and is a risk.
所有来自外部的食物都是一种风险
3.3.1 Cleaning and disinfection of boots 清洗和消毒胶靴
Cleaning and disinfection of the boots before and after changing to anotherproduction area
在进入其它生产区域之前和之后对靴子进行清洗和消毒
3.3.2 Washing and disinfecting hands 1 清洗和消毒手1
Washing and disinfecting hands before and after entering another production area
在进入其它生产区域之前和之后对双手进行清洗和消毒
3.3.3 Washing and disinfecting hands 2 清洗和消毒手2
Washing hands after using the toilet human faeces: high risk for diseases.
入厕后洗手à人体粪便：传播疫病风险高
3.3.4 Pathways 走道
Only use solid pathways
只走硬化修整过的道路
3.3.5 Human Food delivery 人员食物配送
It is not allowed to go inside the farm and take human food with you from theoutside.
进入生产区时，不允许从外部带任何食物进入车间
3.3.6 Visitors/ foreign workers 外来人员访问
Registration of visitors and foreign workers. 外来人员进场需登记
Reduce traffic of foreign vehicles and workers to a minimum, only if absolutelynecessary.
尽可能减少外来人员和车辆，除非真的非常必要
Check foreign workers and their belongings, no risky materials inside the farm.
检查外来人员行李，确保没有任何风险带入场内
4 Cleaning and disinfection 清洗清洁和消毒
4.1 Six steps of cleaning and disinfection a stable
车间清洗清洁和消毒六步法
1. Remove faeces and food remains
第一步：人工清除车间内剩余饲料、粪便
2. Roughly pre-washing only with water
第二步：用水进行预清洗
3. Soaking
第三步：浸泡
4. Cleaning, very precisely, high pressure, use warm water
第四步：彻底清洗清洁 高压 >100 bar
5. Dry out
第五步：干燥
6. Disinfection
第六步：圈舍消毒
Disease prevention and biosecurity are a complex problem:
It starts with cleaning and disinfection and goes on with vaccination and medical treatment.
疾病预防、生物安全是一个复杂的问题，始于清洗清洁和消毒，同时需要持续落实疫苗接种和药物治疗工作
4.1.1 Step 1: Remove faeces and food remains
第一步：清除剩余饲料和粪便
Remove faeces and food remains from the stable, manually.
清除车间内剩余饲料、粪便
Start cleaning directly after the animal transfer.
猪只转群后立刻清洁
Put faeces, urine, dust and old feed out of the stable.
清除沉渣、粪污、灰渍和剩余饲料
Put garbage and other things out of the stable.
清除垃圾等废弃物
Control and perhaps fix the electric facilities.
检查并修复电力设施设备
4.1.2 Step 2: Pre-washing 第二步：预清洗
Washing only with water.
用水进行清洗
4.1.3 Step 3: Soaking 第三步：浸泡
Warm water is helpful.
温水效果更好
Use a special soaking liquid to crack protein and fat.
使用特殊浸湿液粉碎清除蛋白质和脂肪残留
Soak only what you can clean in the next 60 minutes.
只浸湿60 分钟内可有效清洁的物品和设施设备等
Do not forget the ceiling and the walls.
不能忘记清洁舍顶和墙壁
The efficiency of the disinfection is ensured by a good cleaning. Grease films that close thepores and capillaries of surfaces must be removed in order to expose underlying inclusions asfar as possible.
通过良好的清洁来确保消毒效果，必须除去油脂膜和表面的气泡，以便尽可能地去除潜在的污染物。
4.1.4 Step 4: Washing a stable 第四步：彻底清洗圈舍
Don't wait some days, do it directly.
切不可暂等时日，要立刻清洗
A good cleaning is 99% of the disinfection.
消毒效果的99%取决于消毒前清洗清洁工作是否有效落实
Use warm water, if possible.
如有条件，请用温水清洗
Use pressure washer and plenty of water to clean everything.
用高压水枪和足够温水清洗要消毒的各处及各种物品
Clean also the office, the floor in front of the stable and all other rooms, whichbelong to this production area.
还要清洗办公室、办公区，生产车间门前的地面以及属于生产使用的所有房舍
Don't clean the underfloor storage.
不用清洗地沟
Clean the water pipes.
清洗水管
Clean the feed pipes.
清洗料管
Clean the feed silo inside and put the old feed out.
清洗料塔内部，清除残料
Don’t forget the ceiling and the walls.
不要忘记清洗舍顶和墙壁
At last put the manure out of the underfloor storage.
最后把粪污排出地沟
4.1.5 Step 5: Dry out 第五步：干燥
After cleaning, the concrete surfaces have to dry (must be “grey”), since otherwisethe disinfectant solution is diluted on the surface.
清洁后，混凝土表面必须干燥（必须是“灰色”），否则消毒剂溶液在消毒处表面达不到应有的效果。
4.1.6 Step 6: Disinfection 第六步：圈舍消毒
Before you start disinfecting the room must be completely dry.
开始消毒前，圈舍一定要完全干燥
Methods of drying the stables: 1. over a night; 2. under special climate or weather like raining warm drying.
干燥的方法：1、空置一夜；2、特殊气候条件或天气下，加温干燥处理
Don't use aldehyde or glutaraldehyde for disinfection, they do not work below a roomtemperature of 20 degrees Celsius.
不要用含醛或戊二醛的消毒剂，因为此消毒剂在室温低于20 度时失效！
Use cresols for disinfection, they work at any temperature (NEOPREDISAN).
使用甲酚类消毒剂进行消毒，因其有效性不受温度影响（如Menno 专利消毒剂）
Don't use fog, but foaming, because it's very dangerous (aerosol) for the farmworker’s health.
因为对牲畜和人体有害（气溶胶），不要采用喷雾式，而是泡沫式消毒方法
To calculate the right amount, it is important to know that you need 0.4 litre per m2of Menno NEOPREDISAN
计算正确的使用量提示：Menno 消毒剂混合液用量0.4 升/m2
So simple Maths 0,4x0,02=0.008l ?so you need 8 ml pure disinfectant per m2 for a 2%solution
简单的数学公式0.4x0.02 =0.008 升?需要8 毫升/m2 Menno 消毒剂原 液即能获得2％的泡沫混合溶液
For a 4% solution you need 16 ml/m2
配比4％的混合溶液，需要16 毫升/m2 Menno 消毒剂原液
Attention: Lower concentrations are useless and can also cause resistances!!
注意：配比浓度不足时消毒无效，而且会阻碍最终的消毒杀菌效果！！
Disinfect walls, floors, pens, facilities, tools, work boots, transport vehicles etc.
要对包括圈舍墙壁、地面、栏位、设施设备、工具、工作靴、运输车辆等进行消毒
To calculate the surface of a house
预估计算猪舍需消毒的面积
Farrowing: 2.5 x floor space
分娩舍：2.5 x 地板面积
All other houses in general: 2 x floor space
其它猪舍：2 x 地板面积
You also can calculate the exact surface by measuring the floor, walls, ceiling and allparts of the pen and so on
也可以通过测量所有的猪栏、墙壁等来计算精确的消毒面积
4.2 Pathways for pigs 赶猪道
Clean the pathways directly after stalling / moving pigs.
转栏后直接清洗赶猪道
Use disinfection only after drying.
干燥后消毒
Use disinfection every morning before using the pathways:
每天早上使用赶猪道前进行消毒:
We don't know what happened at night!!
因为我们不知道在夜间发生了什么！！
4.3 Truck Wash 运猪车清洗清洁和消毒
1 Removal of all manure and bedding
清除所有粪便和垫料
2 Soaking with soap and/or degreaser
用肥皂/或脱脂剂浸泡
3 Pressure washing with hot water is most effective vs. cold water wash
与冷水清洗清洁相比，用热水进行高压清洗最有效
4 Disinfecting by foaming with an appropriate disinfectant
使用合适的、产生泡沫状混合液的消毒剂进行消毒
5 Drying
干燥后再投入使用
Keep the cargo area free of manure, manually
车辆装卸区域无粪便
Apply soap according to label directions inside and outside
根据肥皂类清洁剂使用说明书进行内、外部清洗清洁
Do not let the soap dry out.
不要让肥皂类清洁剂变干
Working from the top going down, high pressure wash required including ramps,gates, crowd boards, brooms, shovels and dirty and clean boxes.
从上向下清洗清洁，高压冲洗，包括卡车升降台、车门、挡猪板、扫帚、铲子和使用的箱子或盒子
Apply disinfectant to all.
卡车所有部位进行消毒
Clean and disinfect the driver’s cab. Be sure that the pedals and the floor of the cabare clean.
清洁和消毒驾驶室，确保驾驶室的踏板和地面清洁
Put on new shoe covers, then clean the cab from the inside, such as steeringwheel, door handles, and dashboard.
穿上新的鞋套后清洁驾驶室，如方向盘、门把手和仪表盘等
5 Feed Safety 饲料安全
5.1 Something general 总的想法
Exposure to germs of any kind must be absolutely avoided and monitored in regularintervals!
必须避免接触任何种类的细菌，并定期进行监测！
The entire feed supply chain, from the storage of the raw components to thepreparation of the feed mixture, from the transport routes to the pig feeding system,must be closely observed!
从原料的储存到饲料加工，从饲料运输到猪场内部饲喂系统，整个饲料供应链都必须密切观察！
If too little attention is paid to hygiene in liquid feeding systems, the feed lines mightdevelop bio films, which act as a nutritional solution for the growth of differentbacteria.
饲喂液态料也需要注意饲喂系统的卫生，否则料线内部会形成生物膜，作为不同细菌生长的营养液。
The quality of the water, which is one of the most important feeding components inpig rearing, should be checked regularly!
水质是养猪环节中最重要的组成部分之一，应定期检查！
5.2 Silo areal 料塔区域
The silo areal must be clean at any time.
料塔区域在任何时间都必须保持干净
Salmonella can occur.
可引起沙门氏菌
Continuously rodent control.
持续灭鼠
5.3 Feeding Hygiene inside the stable 车间内部饲喂卫生
Adjust the feeders, so that the pigs are able to finish it.
调节饲喂器开关，让猪可以一次性吃完它
Left feed inside the troughs is always a risk for microorganisms and bacteria(diarrhoea).
料槽内的剩料可以滋生微生物和细菌（腹泻）
Bad influence on feed intake and weight gain with poor feed hygiene.
影响饲料摄入量和日增重
Economical aspect Reducing of feed losses.
经济损失 饲料损失
5.4 Hygiene of the water-system 饮水系统卫生
Water and water pipe hygiene.
饮水和水管卫生
Drinking water especially from own wells need 2 times a year bacterial assay(chemical-physical and bacteriological – danger: salmonella!).
尤其是自家的井水，每年检测水质2 次！（化学-物理和细菌学-危险：沙门氏菌！！！）
High manganese, nitrite and nitrate levels can lead to poor development and lack ofacceptance.
高锰、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐含量会导致猪只不喜欢饮用和发育不良
Perform germ-reducing measures (drinking water disinfection, water treatment,chlorination, acidification, etc.).
执行杀菌措施（饮用水消毒、水处理、氯化、酸化等）。
Attention!! Products used in the current mast must be approved for this!!
注意！使用的产品必须得到政府批准！!
The water system should be cleaned from time to time.
饮水系统必须随时随刻可清洗
Hygiene in the water supply always also depends on the equipment.
饮水系统卫生总是取决于饮水设备
Long troughs with aqua level need to be checked after feeding.
长料槽水槽需要在饲喂后进行检查
Food remains must be removed, so all pigs are able to drink.
料槽里面的剩料必须清出去，保证所有的猪只都可以喝到水
Bowls are more accepted by pigs, the water intake is higher.
饮水碗位置越合适，摄入水量越大
but they must be checked and cleaned every day.
但是必须是每天可检查和可清理干净的
